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Lower Extremity Orthotic Flash Cards!

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Question Answer

What is the 3-Point force system used to control ankle valgus, when using a solid ankle AFO?

Answer

1) Proximal counter force: Medially directed force along the proximal lateral calf band.

2) Corrective Force: Laterally directed force just proximal to the medial maleolous.

3) Distal counter force: Medially directed force along fifth metatarsal.

Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p.143,439,440). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

Question Answer

Aligning a Solid-Ankle AFO in slight plantar flexion produces this sagittal plane moment during mid-stance.

Answer

Knee extension moment, as it produces a plantar flexion-knee extension force couple.

Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p. 141-142). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

Question Answer

What muscle group comprise the anterior compartment of the lower extremity and aid in providing dorsiflexion and extension of the toes.

Answer

1) Tibialis anterior

2) Extensor hallucis longus

3) Extensor digitorum longus

4) Fibularis tertius

Sieg, K. W., & Adams, S. P. (2009, p.104-1-7). Illustrated Essentials of Musculoskeletal Anatomy. Megabooks.

Question Answer

What nerve is most likely affected with a patient presenting with drop foot?

Answer

Peroneal nerve

Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p.376). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.

Question Answer

What are two contraindications of utilizing a Ground Reaction Force AFO?

Answer

1) Soleus Contractures

2) Hamstring Contractures

Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p. 229). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

Question Answer

How can a soleus contracture affect gait?

Answer

A soleus contracture results in excessive plantar flexion which will likely result in a gait with circumduction and hip hiking.

Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p.72). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.

Question Answer

A KAFO with a posterior off-set joint can be used to control what motion the sagittal plane?

Answer

Knee Buckling

Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p. 431). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.

Question Answer

Using a metal and leather AFO, how can knee flexion be controlled?

Answer

1) Utilize a long tongue stirrup.

2) Using double action ankle joints, with anterior place pins.

Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p.424). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.

Question Answer

The superficial group of the calf muscles all insert into what anatomical structure?

Answer

Calcaneus

Hoppenfeld, S. (1976, p.218). Physical examination of the spine and extremities. Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Question Answer

The Klenzak joint is used to provide this motion.

Answer

Dorsiflexion assist

Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007,p. 232). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

Question Answer

Pressure is defined by what equation?

Answer

P = F/A

Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p. 142). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.

Question Answer

The deep peroneal nerve innervates what muscles?

Answer

1) Tibialis antieror

2) Extensor digitorum longus

3) Peroneus tertius

4) Extensor hallucis longus (propius)

5) Extensor digitorum brevis

6) Extensor hallucis brevis

Hoppenfeld, S. (1976, p.250,251,227). Physical examination of the spine and extremities. Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Lower Extremity Orthotic Flash Cards!

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