Lower Extremity Orthotic Flash Cards!
Test Your Knowledge with a sample of our flash cards. Looking for more? Check out our courses.
What is the 3-Point force system used to control ankle valgus, when using a solid ankle AFO?
Answer
1) Proximal counter force: Medially directed force along the proximal lateral calf band.
2) Corrective Force: Laterally directed force just proximal to the medial maleolous.
3) Distal counter force: Medially directed force along fifth metatarsal.
Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p.143,439,440). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
Aligning a Solid-Ankle AFO in slight plantar flexion produces this sagittal plane moment during mid-stance.
Answer
Knee extension moment, as it produces a plantar flexion-knee extension force couple.
Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p. 141-142). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
What muscle group comprise the anterior compartment of the lower extremity and aid in providing dorsiflexion and extension of the toes.
Answer
1) Tibialis anterior
2) Extensor hallucis longus
3) Extensor digitorum longus
4) Fibularis tertius
Sieg, K. W., & Adams, S. P. (2009, p.104-1-7). Illustrated Essentials of Musculoskeletal Anatomy. Megabooks.
What nerve is most likely affected with a patient presenting with drop foot?
Answer
Peroneal nerve
Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p.376). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.
What are two contraindications of utilizing a Ground Reaction Force AFO?
Answer
1) Soleus Contractures
2) Hamstring Contractures
Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p. 229). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
How can a soleus contracture affect gait?
Answer
A soleus contracture results in excessive plantar flexion which will likely result in a gait with circumduction and hip hiking.
Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p.72). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.
A KAFO with a posterior off-set joint can be used to control what motion the sagittal plane?
Answer
Knee Buckling
Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p. 431). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.
Using a metal and leather AFO, how can knee flexion be controlled?
Answer
1) Utilize a long tongue stirrup.
2) Using double action ankle joints, with anterior place pins.
Hsu, J. D., Michael, J. W., & Fisk, J. R. (2008, p.424). Aaos Atlas of Orthoses and assistive devices (Fourth). Mosby Elsevier.
The superficial group of the calf muscles all insert into what anatomical structure?
Answer
Calcaneus
Hoppenfeld, S. (1976, p.218). Physical examination of the spine and extremities. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
The Klenzak joint is used to provide this motion.
Answer
Dorsiflexion assist
Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007,p. 232). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
Pressure is defined by what equation?
Answer
P = F/A
Lusardi, M. M., & Nielsen, C. C. (2007, p. 142). Orthotics & Prosthetics in Rehabilitation (2nd ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
The deep peroneal nerve innervates what muscles?
Answer
1) Tibialis antieror
2) Extensor digitorum longus
3) Peroneus tertius
4) Extensor hallucis longus (propius)
5) Extensor digitorum brevis
6) Extensor hallucis brevis
Hoppenfeld, S. (1976, p.250,251,227). Physical examination of the spine and extremities. Appleton-Century-Crofts.